R v Barnard [1837]

1. Facts:

• D dressed in Oxford University attire to get a discount in a shop.

2. Outcome:

• Decision: This amounted to false representation.

3. Impact and Analysis:

• Legal Principle: Under s.2(4) of the Fraud Act 2006, representation can be express or implied.

• Implications: This case illustrates how even implied representations (such as dressing in a certain way to gain an advantage) can constitute fraud. The ruling emphasises that deceptive conduct, not just verbal or written statements, can be sufficient for a fraud charge.